Thursday, November 26, 2015

We Were Nielsen Rating Guinea Pigs

Way Back When... In The TV Era

Nielsen Ratings, if you haven't heard of them, determine how many people are watching which TV programs.  This is done by contacting households and requesting that all TV viewing for one week be recorded in a diary that is delivered and returned through the mail.  Our household recorded our viewing habits for the week of November 12th through the 19th.

This is the second time we've participated.  The first, in the 1980s, occasioned my writing about the experience in Treetop Panorama, the print newsletter that I published back then (a kind of blog before the internet happened).

Both experiences made me wonder whether TV ratings really work.  The obvious problem is that favorite shows are, well, favored.  If I really like a program, am I going to admit that friends came over just when I was planning to watch?  If I'm fanatical about it, no way!  I'll write it down as a watched program, anyway.

Which raises the question of how much TV we're really watching, and how much is a function of, essentially, ballot stuffing.  I've read where the Nielsen folks have a small sample of households with gizmos that measure when a TV is actually turned on, rather than relying on diary reporting, and this small sample is used to authenticate the raw data from diary entries.  But fanatics could simply make sure their TVs are on and tuned to the right channel when their favorites are playing.  And if the gizmos measure how many bodies are in the room when a TV is on (another sampling method that I believe occurs), fanatics would still make sure they watched certain programs, where normally they might miss a few episodes.  And we haven't even gotten to the DVR (aka TiVO).

The upshot of all this is that Americans probably watch less TV than reported.

So, what programs did our family watch?  And did we cheat--even a little bit?

Honestly, because we use a DVR to record and then view programs at a later time, it was occasionally easier to simply write in programs when they were normally broadcast, rather than remember the precise timing, especially when flipping between channels and watching the second half of a program before the first half (we often do this with the PBS Newshour, so that our dinners are eaten when the softer, more calming news is on).

Except for a slight tendency to watch more, we stuck to our usual viewing patterns.  The occasional Newshour, Antiques Roadshow, Charlie Rose, Illinois Stories, and Masterpiece on PBS, Chris Matthews and Rachel Maddow on MSNBC, morning business programming on CNBC, Late Night with Stephen Colbert on CBS, and America Unearthed on History 2.  Other shows we recorded, but didn't watch that week: The Simpsons on Fox, Portlandia on IFC, Fareed Zakaria GPS on CNN and The McGlaughlin Group on PBS (our PBS affiliate rebroadcasts programming from other channels).

Despite the lengthy list, we averaged perhaps 2 hours per person, mainly because we only watched parts of shows--and only occasionally, in the case of daily broadcasts.

I have written previously that I favor an a-la-carte cable/satellite fee structure with a large, rotating selection of additional free channels that would pay the cable/satellite companies to be included in a customer's channel mix as targeted, temporary promos.  Frankly, I resent having to pay for ESPN when I never watch it, and I'm sure others feel similarly about the programming I enjoy.

A-la-carte with promoted channels thrown in would seem likely in any attempt to end the exodus of cable/satellite viewers to streaming services on the internet.

Here's an example:

First, I pay 20% less than I currently do.  I get my favorite ten channels, let's say PBS, MSNBC, CBS, CNN, History, Fox, C-Span, CNBC, IFC,  and Bloomberg.  Then, second, my satellite company rotates another 20 channels into my package that it thinks I might like (based on what I already watch).  And finally, third, if I want I can either switch out, say CNBC for a new channel, or I can bump myself up to 15 channels instead of only 10; this would mean getting only a 15% discount, perhaps, from what I currently pay.  And finally, the 20 networks getting, say, a few months to catch my attention would pay to be included in my bundle and their revenue would make up for my 15-20% discount.

Don'tcha know, gotta go; TV's turned on.

Monday, November 23, 2015

Emotional Scrabble

Playing 'P-U-M-P-K-I-N' on Thanksgiving Day

I love the idea behind Scrabble; little tiles, each with a letter, that one combines on the board into words.  But what about the scoring; is it as perfect as the game's components?

Here, I'm not questioning whether a 'Y' should in fact be a 4-pointer, while a 'U' is a mere 1-pointer.  No, I'm talking about the quality of play.  

Sometimes a player will get rid of a 'V' by making a word like 'van' and another player might then grunt out 'un huh'; so, no big deal.  But other times, if someone looks at her seven tiles, thinks for a minute or two, and comes up with something that's so appropriate for the occasion that everyone playing is astonished, one hears "wow", "fantastic", "way to go"; like making 'H-A-P-P-Y' on someone's birthday.  Shouldn't there be a reward for that kind of genius?

Tinkering with Scrabble is common; there are oodles of variants that people have come up with that are easily googled.  The obvious change, to diminish some of the frustration in the game, is to set up 3-4 face-down tiles off to the side of the board that any player can access, prior to taking a turn.  Just trade a tile on your rack for a face-down tile in what could be called the 'boneyard'.  So, if you've got three 'I's or two 'U's, trade one in and see what you get; then make your move.

Taking another step into the alternative Scrabble universe, software could be developed that combs through millions of created words (those found on Facebook's Words-With-Friends or Scrabble, for example) and ranks these by rarity, by how many letters in the word, and by how easy a word is to create.  So, words like "red" or "at" wouldn't earn any points, while something like "blue", "afar" or "religion" would earn quite a bit.

Of course to actually align scoring with the quality of a given word one would also have to know the date, the life circumstances for each player, and the news of the day.  And that can only be done by those playing the game, unless..., sometime in the future, our devices know us better than they do at present.

If players are asked to somehow reward each other's words, the problem is, obviously, that points are being given to one's opponent.  So how to make it work?  One way might be for players to guess what value their opponent will assign.  I'll work on this and add an update sometime next year.

Update 1/26/20: Well, nearly four years later and here's one idea:  As mentioned above, the player creating a word secretly guesses one number of bonus points, while opponents guess another.  
  *If the scoring player guesses the same number as the opponent, s/he receives that number of extra points (no guesses of '0' allowed). 
  *If an opponent's guess is one more or less than the scorer, s/he gains a point (no guesses of '0' allowed).
  *If an opponent's guess is more than three points greater than the scoring player, the scorer gains a point.

Sunday, November 22, 2015

Rock's Mighty 55 -- The Meta-View

Making Good Ol' Music

15 months ago I started a 55-act countdown of Rock's best music, and last month I finished out my list with #1.  What remains is to draw conclusions.  Like,... solo artists or groups?

1.  Solo vs. group.  28 solo and 27 groups, which is as close as it comes to evenly split.  Groups like Santana and Tom Petty are somewhere half-way between, so I guess you could say I'm in both camps.

2.  US vs. Other Countries: 30 US and 25 Other; that's counting any group with an international member or two as 'other'.  Of those others, there are 16 British acts and 5 Canadian.  The remaining 4 are U2 (Ireland), Bob Marley and the Wailers (Jamaica), Dave Matthews Band (D.M. himself being originally from South Africa), Django Reinhardt (Belgium/France).  In retrospect, I seem to have a weak spot for British dudes, as all but 1 (Fleetwood Mac) of 16 Brit bands are male.  Must be that British school I attended when I was in 2nd, 3rd and 4th grade.  Or, maybe the Brits just know a good thang.

3.  Where I fall down is not having anybody except Django, Thelonius Monk, B.B.King and The Weavers from before I was born.  Where's Chuck Berry, Elvis, and Lead Belly?  Answer: they just missed.

4.  '60s Beginnings vs. Later.  26 acts emerged in the '60s, and 25 in the '70s or later (if it was a close call, like with Linda Ronstadt, I went with 'later').  Of those 25, there are 17 with '70s beginnings, 4 with '80s origins and Dave Matthews Band ( '91 ), Sleater-Kinney ( '94 ), Radiohead ('92) and Alanis Morissette ( '91 ) getting going even later.  So, that's 4 - 26 - 17 - 4 - 4 for the final five decades of the 20th century.

5.  Pop or Heavier?  18 and 37, respectively:  Mainly pop: Stevie Wonder, Eric Clapton, Elton John, The Supremes, Jefferson Airplane.  Minor pop: The Beatles, Sarah McLachlan, Eagles, Linda Ronstadt, Fleetwood Mac, The Doors, Emmylou Harris, Donovan, The Weavers.   Little pop: U2, Sly and the Family Stone, Peter Gabriel, Paul Simon.  Most decidedly non-pop: Natalie Merchant, The Grateful Dead, Joni Mitchell, Jimi Hendrix, Bob Dylan, David Byrne/Talking Heads, Thelonius Monk, Sleater-Kinney, Radiohead.  So, the remaining 27 would be somewhat heavier.

6.  Female vs. Male?  19 and 36, respectively, if one places any group with at least one core-group member in the female column.  And evenly divided between early and later female artists.

7.  Sound or Lyrics?  The Kinks, Paul Simon, Bob Dylan, Joni Mitchell, The Band, and The Grateful Dead, excel with their lyrics.  The rest, to one degree or another, have an equally strong or stronger sound.

8.  When?  My earliest -- > latest likes:
 Grade School (in chronological order): The Weavers, The Beatles, The Supremes, Paul Simon, Stevie Wonder, Bob Dylan, Donovan.  

Jr. High: Beatles, Stones, Doors, Hendrix, Clapton (member of Cream), Jefferson Airplane.  

High School: Stones, Beatles, Santana, Sly & Family Stone, CSN, Leon Russell, Paul Simon, Traffic, Carole King, Kinks, Elton John, Janis Joplin.

College: The Grateful Dead, The Band, Joni Mitchell, Allman Brothers, Neil Young, Django Reinhardt, Dylan, Eagles, Linda Ronstadt, Fleetwood Mac, Thelonius Monk,

'80s: The Grateful Dead, Neil Young, Dire Straits, Peter Gabriel, David Byrne/Talking Heads, Paul Simon, Emmylou Harris.

'90s (listening to radio again after 20 years): Natalie Merchant, U2, The Grateful Dead, Dave Matthews Band, Pink Floyd, Sarah McLachlan, Mark Knopfler, Bob Dylan, Sting, Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers, Steely Dan, Chrissie Hynde, Marvin Gay, Al Green, B.B.King, Alanis Morissette, Aretha Franklin,

'00 -- > present (recent discoveries and re-discoveries): Natalie Merchant/10,000 Maniacs, Bob Marley and the Wailers, Led Zepplin, REM, Sleater-Kinney, Radiohead, Indigo Girls.

9.  Second Chances.  Believe it or not, some favorites were disliked or found wanting when I first heard them.  Here they are:

Janis Joplin -- In my early-to-mid teens Janis seemed too 'far out', as the saying went.  But listening to her "Cry, Baby" has, on occasion, cheered me up no end.

Al Green -- I heard Green when I was a teen and just didn't have the exposure to jazz and soul that I'd need.  That would come.

Sleater-Kinney -- Last year I bought their latest CD and was shocked by the raw punk sound--even at my age.  Listening to the songs a second and third time, though, revealed what wonderful music it was.

Thelonius Monk -- I listened to a lot of jazz in college, and took major steps in appreciating sound in whatever form.  Luckily, I had a friend who played some of the most innovative and challenging sound to be found.

R.E.M. -- I remember checking out their Green LP from the local library and just not 'getting it'.  Perhaps it was hearing their big hits when I finally started listening to the radio again in the '90s that did the trick.

Led Zepplin -- This was perhaps the most intense dislike.   Again with the 'far out', the seeming immodesty on stage, the clothes, in a word: vulgar.  But you wouldn't know it with their now being in the #9 slot.

Bob Marley and the Wailers.  I know, unthinkable.  But I can remember checking out both Jimmy Cliff's The Harder They Come and a Bob Marley LP some time in the '80s and very strongly preferring the former.  At our own pace.

U2.  The most surprising, probably, on this list is U2.  I remember listening to Rattle and Hum when I was sick with a fever, when it had just been released, and thinking the music was just too melodramatic.  I'm well now.

10,  Riffing on the above #8, When? here are the musical likes I'm most proud of (that is, those outside the obvious 'comfort zone' for someone like me):
Grade School: Stevie Wonder (not your daddy's music)
Jr. High: Hendrix (the media celebrated psychedelia in the '60s, but still...) 
High School: Traffic (jazzy, hints of world music, and John Barleycorn)
College: Joni Mitchell and of course, Thelonius Monk (feminism and abstract jazz)
'80s: David Byrne/Talking Heads (the best of punk sensibilities) 
'90s: Alanis Morissette (raw, exciting emotion)
'00s: Sleater - Kinney (full throated shout-out)

Thursday, November 12, 2015

13 Positions For A Republican Reboot

The Republican Party Bumble

As a contest among candidates of varying trajectories, a normal presidential primary rewards a party's best possible foot forward.  In this year's Republican primary, however, one wonders whether the fates are conspiring to do the opposite; to place before the electorate a borderline buffoon, or perhaps an out-and-out crank case.

Whatever the particulars, it seems all but inevitable that the party finishing second in five of the past six presidential ballots will want to somehow reinvent itself if it loses yet again.  This would be akin to the Democratic party's move to the center under Carter and Clinton after a flirtation with the left that was the '60s and George McGovern.  Herewith I lay out positions that those undertaking such an endeavor might consider.

#1: Money.  This one's easy.  Simply chart a course based on Econ. 101.  Give up the  pie-in-the-sky wishful thinking that is Supply Side theory: that cutting taxes will increase government revenue; been there, done that under Bush--disastrous.    In general, Econ 101 recommends expansive monetary and fiscal policy when a recession threatens, and belt-tightening when inflation becomes a problem.

#2: Safety Net.  Here's a no-brainer.  Social Security, Medicare and other assorted safety net programs are popular, they're relied on, and aside from efficiency tweaks here and there, the status quo works well.  The fate of George W. Bush's second term, with his famous line that he'd spend political capital on privatizing social security, should serve as a warning: simply put, he courted yet another disaster.

#3: World.  While US standing in the world has improved under our current president, there's little interest here in this country in more foreign adventure, thanks to the demoralizing mess that was the Iraq war.  In fact, foreign aid is by far the least supported government function.  So, shake it up.

Zero out all foreign aid and instead, channel humanitarian aid through the Red Cross and other similar agencies, and reconfigure the rest--minus some budget reduction--into a reward-for-good-behavior style competition.  Individual nations would be ranked by international experts using various metrics like education spending, human rights, environmental preservation, government transparency, etc., Self-selected countries would submit development plans, and if meeting a minimum rank could be the winner of loans and grants.  The loans would be from a revolving fund invested for profit in specific locations and endeavors.  There would also be general grants to a government's agencies for infrastructure, education, health, protecting wildlife, etc.

Each global region might have an annual semi-final contest, with the final selection announced to the world in a varying location each year, much like the Olympics.   The strength of each country's plans would be weighed against its 'good-behavior' rank.  The winner's plans would then be described in a video made following the awards ceremony.

Nice, but why would this be any more likely than giving our allies aid packages as we do now?

First, consider magnitude.  If a developing country's economy receives $100 million for infrastructure, that might raise the country's GDP by a fraction of a percent.  If instead, the amount is in the billions (ideally, other wealthy countries would join the project and multiple winners could be chosen each year), the effect would be to raise an average-sized economy out of recession and set it on a growth trajectory.

Second, consider incentive.  A country's leaders charting a future for their people will have an additional reason to choose what's best for their nation in terms of education, human rights, environmental protection, etc.  This would be especially so once a neighboring people enjoy a rising standard of living thanks to winning a previous contest.

Because some countries have larger populations and economies than others, judges would want to select recipients as if an endowment were being tapped.  So, if the Gambia were to be jump-started one year, perhaps there would be enough for Peru or Afghanistan the next.

Essentially, Republicans would be taking a Democratic solution, multilateral initiative (instead of military goofs), and giving it a Republican twist: competition, and may the best plans win.

#4 Social Issues.  Here, there's no sense in abandoning conservatism, just in shading towards a libertarian viewpoint, which would mean consideration by enough voters to reach a winning 50%.  The extra voters added would be those turned off by government telling them what they can and can't do in the privacy of their own homes.  When applied to certain hot-button issues, this will upset core conservatives; but given the liberalism of the Democratic party, Republican base voters will still vote red, and any trade-off will be worth it for Republicans, if they eventually win.  So, a move towards treating drug addiction as a medical condition; a de-emphasis on abortion (perhaps brought about by the Zika virus) and LGBT matters, as well as taking a few steps towards controling police overreach (asset forfeiture laws, for example).

#5 Taxes.  The toughest nut to crack when re-imagining Republican principles is likely to be tax policy.  There have been enumerable alternatives proposed: flat taxes, value-added taxes, even eliminating the IRS; all usually involving the removal of deductions and special interest tax breaks.

Whatever the plan, the effect should be to target the average worker, rather than the rich.  Perhaps the simplest solution would be to bring in a handful of tax experts, have them critique a Republican candidate's plan, and adjust the details until the particulars meet the criteria; working stiff or bust.  This alone would change the image that many Americans have of Republicans as a party that helps the super rich at the expense of everyone else.

#6  Women's Rights.  This is arguably the most important change that could be made.  Until Republicans can better appeal to female voters, nothing else will matter.  Unfortunately, this is an attitude that simply can't be taught.  Either one legitimately wants to help working mothers and their children, for example, or one doesn't.

#7 Energy.  As with #4, there's only so much change possible without alienating too large a segment of the Republican base.  One possible solution is to eliminate all 'special interest' energy subsidies, meaning no loan guarantees for new nuclear plants, no tax write-offs for oil and gas drilling, etc.

A more likely approach would be to gradually roll out an admission that climate change must be dealt with and explain this change as the conservative thing to do.  Emphasize the sacrifices made by those who lived through the 1930s and '40s and frame the necessary changes to be made as a latter-day off-shoot of that era's grit and determination.

#8 Immigration.  Since it would be all but impossible to convince a majority of Republicans to rethink their views on Immigration, all that is left is a different emphasis for essentially the same policies.

Rather than speak of the undesirability of certain people, focus on the traditionally 'conserve-ative' notion that our natural world is being stretched thin by an ever expanding population, and that immigration is the primary driver behind that increase; therefore, cutting back on immigration is conservative-minded, has nothing to do with excluding certain groups, but rather, serves to preserve nature.

#9 Guns.  It's obvious that too many criminals and mentally ill people are getting a hold of guns.  But "Gun Control" and "Background Checks" are terms that the conservative base has learned to hate, so a new slogan is needed; one such might be Only Good Guys Get Guns, or O, Gx4, for short.

#10.  Voting.  If there is anything that would signal a significant shift in the direction of the Republican party, from white, male, fat cats to the all-inclusive, big tent of yore, it would be the abandonment of efforts to restrict voting (voter ID requirements, denial of voting rights to the formerly incarcerated, under-funded and insufficiently numerous polling stations--in select precincts, resisting the move to vote-by-mail, and on-line voting, etc.)

#11. War.  After the invasion of Iraq under George W. Bush it was thought unlikely that the US would allow itself to be dragged into yet more conflicts overseas.  But as populations continue to grow, resources like water and land grow ever scarcer, and climate becomes ever less benevolent, there will be an ever increasing temptation for 'action' in one part of the world or another.  The Republican party could erase much of the stigma of the Iraq debacle by laying out parameters on overseas military action that effectively limit the future temptation to getting involved in regional conflict.

#12.  Wealth.  There are essentially three ways for a government to increase wealth: 1. increase it by investing in infrastructure; 2. redistribute it so that it grows at a faster pace; and 3. raise worker enthusiasm, and thus productivity.  Republicans, historically, have focused on #1.  Democrats usually emphasize #2.  And both parties address #3.

Examples of #1 are the Transcontinental Railway, Land Grant Colleges, the Panama Canal, and the Interstate Highway system.  An example of #2 is the graduated Income Tax coupled with the federal government's safety net.  For Republicans, #3 is normally seen as protecting the interests of the self-employed farmer and businessperson.  For Democrats, #3 is seen as encouraging worker-owned businesses, where profit is shared.

For the most part, modern Republicans have abandoned any talk of developing infrastructure, and instead focus all their attention on business.  The modern workplace, however, where a vast majority of Americans find themselves every day, has seen the birth of another kind of worker enthusiasm.  This involves the gamification of labor, where, when done well, worker enthusiasm is rewarded with a large share of profits resulting from increased productivity.

Gamified labor is essentially the 21st century's answer to the self-employed population's dwindling numbers, voters who are traditionally Republican.  Here we have what is perhaps the most likely basis for a Republican reboot.

How would the federal government encourage gamification?  First, by enforcing labor laws (including a living minimum wage), so that gamification is done well, with a large share of the increase in worker productivity going to workers;  this, as opposed to mere plaques, twinkly stars worn around necks, reduced base wages and the like.  Second, by implementing gamified labor in the federal workforce wherever possible.  And third, by developing a tax break for increases in productivity experienced in the years following a business' implementing gamification.

I describe gamified labor's potential in my own workplace.

#13.  House Mind.  There has always been a gap in America's representative democracy, between what the people want and what their representatives put forward.  If your House member is beholden to special interests for his re-election purse, there is always the temptation to bend the will of the people to suit his money-bags' interest.

But what if modern polling techniques and the internet could force politicians to bend to the will of constituents, instead of the other way around?  Here's a plan that accomplishes just that, and all Republicans need do is claim credit for cleaning up our political process.